Fracture

In medical terms, a fracture refers to a break or crack in a bone. It often results from high force impact or stress, although it can also arise from certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, bone cancer, or osteogenesis imperfecta. Fractures are categorized by their characteristics: the nature of the break (complete or incomplete), whether they break the skin (open or compound fracture vs. closed fracture), and their orientation (linear, transverse, or spiral).

The diagnosis of a fracture typically involves clinical evaluation and imaging studies, with an X-ray being the most common tool to confirm the presence and detail the exact nature of the fracture. Treatment depends on the fracture type and location but often includes immobilization with casts or splints, traction, or surgery to achieve proper alignment and stabilization of the bone to ensure proper healing. Associated symptoms can include pain, swelling, and an inability to move the affected limb or bear weight on it. Healing times can vary, with minor fractures healing in several weeks and more complex breaks requiring months, possibly accompanied by physical therapy to maximize functional recovery.