Flu

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It affects the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs, and can lead to mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The flu is characterized by the sudden onset of symptoms such as a high fever, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headache, and extreme fatigue. Complications can include viral or bacterial pneumonia, ear and sinus infections, and worsening of chronic health conditions.

Influenza spreads easily from person to person mainly via droplets made when infected people cough, sneeze or talk. It can also be contracted by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face. Seasonal flu epidemics occur yearly during colder months in each hemisphere. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection and severe outcomes caused by influenza viruses. Antiviral medications and supportive care are additional treatment options that can help lessen symptoms and reduce the duration of the illness if administered promptly after symptom onset.