Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures resulting from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The exact cause of epilepsy is often unknown but may stem from genetic influences, brain trauma, infections, stroke, or tumors. Seizures, the primary symptom of epilepsy, can present in various forms, ranging from momentary lapses of attention to severe and prolonged convulsions. These episodes can be generalized, affecting the entire brain, or focal, originating in a specific area.

Diagnosis of epilepsy typically involves a thorough medical history and diagnostic tests such as an electroencephalogram (EEG), which records the electrical activity of the brain, and brain imaging using CT or MRI scans. Treatment options include antiepileptic medications, which can control seizures in most patients. In cases where drugs are ineffective or cause debilitating side effects, other treatments may be considered, such as surgery, vagus nerve stimulation, or a ketogenic diet. The management of epilepsy is tailored to the individual and focuses on reducing seizure frequency, minimizing side effects, and maintaining the quality of life.