Eczema

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and recurrent rash-like symptoms. It is commonly associated with a hypersensitive immune response to various environmental triggers and is often found in families with a history of allergies or asthma. The skin barrier in eczema patients is compromised, leading to increased water loss and vulnerability to irritants and allergens. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and often present in flares followed by periods of remission.

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the patient's history and the appearance of the skin. Common areas affected include the folds of the arms, back of the knees, hands, face, and neck. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and includes moisturizing skin care, prescription topical corticosteroids, or immunomodulators to reduce inflammation and itch. In some cases, phototherapy or systemic medications may be recommended for severe eczema. Avoidance of known triggers and gentle skin care are key in managing the condition.