Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that primarily affects reading ability. Medically, it is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition, poor spelling, and decoding abilities. These challenges stem from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Individuals with dyslexia typically exhibit impairments in the brain's ability to process graphic symbols, which is a key skill in the development of reading proficiency.

From a neurological standpoint, dyslexia is associated with functional and structural differences in the brain, particularly in the left hemisphere, which is responsible for language processing. Areas such as the phonological loop, which is crucial for sound-based processing of written words, may show less activation in people with dyslexia. It is widely acknowledged as a heritable condition, with genetic factors contributing to its manifestation. Dyslexia varies in severity and is independent of intelligence. Although it is a lifelong challenge, with appropriate strategies, interventions, and accommodations, individuals with dyslexia can achieve academic success and lead productive lives.