Down Syndrome

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, also known as trisomy 21. This chromosomal abnormality leads to a combination of physical and intellectual disabilities that vary widely among individuals. The syndrome is characterized by distinct facial features, such as a flat face, slanted eyes, and a single deep crease across the center of the palm. Developmentally, children with Down syndrome typically experience delays in physical growth and have a moderate to severe range of intellectual disability.

From a medical standpoint, Down syndrome is associated with various health issues, including congenital heart defects, respiratory problems, hearing impairments, and an increased risk of thyroid and other autoimmune diseases. Additionally, individuals with Down syndrome have a higher susceptibility to infections and a heightened risk of developing Alzheimer's disease at an earlier age. Prenatal screening and diagnostic tests can identify Down syndrome before birth. There is no cure for Down syndrome, but early intervention, therapeutic strategies, and a supportive environment can help individuals lead fulfilling lives. Management may include regular health check-ups, special educational programs, and addressing specific medical conditions as they arise.