Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis is a condition that arises when diverticula—small, bulging pouches that can form in the lining of the digestive system—become inflamed or infected. Most frequently occurring in the lower part of the large intestine (colon), these pouch formations (diverticulosis) are generally harmless. However, once inflammation or infection happens, it results in diverticulitis. This condition is characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, particularly on the lower left side, fever, nausea, and a marked change in bowel habits.

Risk factors for developing diverticulitis include aging, obesity, smoking, a diet high in animal fats and low in fiber, certain medications, and lack of exercise. Complications can include abscess formation, perforation of the bowel, fistulas, and intestinal blockage. Diverticulitis can be treated with rest, dietary modifications, antibiotics, or, in severe cases, surgery. Preventative strategies typically involve a high-fiber diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking. The diagnosis is often confirmed by medical imaging such as a CT scan. Treatment choices depend on the severity of the symptoms and whether the patient has had previous episodes of diverticulitis.