Diarrhea

Diarrhea is characterized by the frequent passage of loose, watery stools, typically defined as three or more times per day. It results from increased water content in the intestines which fails to be adequately reabsorbed. Diarrhea can be either acute, lasting for a couple of days and usually caused by a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection, or chronic, persisting for several weeks and potentially indicating a more serious condition such as inflammatory bowel disease or a malabsorption disorder. Acute diarrhea often resolves on its own, while chronic diarrhea requires medical diagnosis and treatment.

From a medical standpoint, diarrhea can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to the substantial fluid and mineral loss. Symptoms accompanying diarrhea may include abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, and a sense of urgency to defecate. Medical attention is crucial if diarrhea is severe, persistent, or accompanied by signs of dehydration (such as excessive thirst, dry mouth, little or no urination, severe weakness, or dizziness), blood or pus in stools, or if it occurs in very young, elderly, or immunocompromised individuals. Management includes rehydration therapy, often with oral rehydration solutions, dietary adjustments, and sometimes medications. Identifying and treating any underlying cause is essential for chronic cases.