Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition characterized by the body's inability to regulate blood glucose levels adequately. There are two primary forms: Type 1 diabetes, where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to insufficient insulin production; and Type 2 diabetes, where the body becomes resistant to insulin or the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin. Insulin is a hormone essential for transporting glucose from the bloodstream into cells to be used for energy. Without proper insulin function, glucose accumulates in the blood, leading to hyperglycemia.

The persistent high blood sugar levels associated with diabetes can lead to a range of complications if not managed effectively. Short-term consequences include symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. Over time, uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of serious health issues, including cardiovascular disease, nerve damage (neuropathy), kidney damage (nephropathy), eye damage (retinopathy), and poor wound healing, which can lead to limb amputations. Treatment involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, blood glucose monitoring, medication, and in some cases, insulin therapy to manage the condition and prevent or minimize complications.