Depression

Depression, clinically known as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), is a common and severe medical illness that negatively affects how one feels, thinks, and acts. It is characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness and a lack of interest in activities that one usually enjoys. This mood disorder can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person's ability to function at work and at home. The diagnosis of depression involves the presence of symptoms such as a depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, significant weight change, sleep disturbances, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty thinking or concentrating, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide, typically lasting for at least two weeks.

Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. People who have gone through adverse life events such as unemployment, bereavement, or psychological trauma are more likely to develop depression. Additionally, there can be a genetic predisposition to the disorder, and changes in neurotransmitter levels in the brain are also implicated. Treatment for depression may include psychotherapy, antidepressant medications, or a combination of both. It is imperative to seek professional help in the case of depressive symptoms, as effective treatment can lead to symptom reduction and remission, thereby improving quality of life.