Dehydration

Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, resulting in an insufficient amount of water and other fluids to carry out normal functions. It can happen for various reasons, including excessive sweating, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, or simply not drinking enough water. The deficit in fluid disrupts the balance of minerals, or electrolytes, in the body, which are vital for maintaining healthy cell function, nerve impulses, and muscle contractions. When these balances are skewed, it can lead to complications, making dehydration a potentially serious condition that requires prompt attention.

Symptoms of dehydration can range from mild to severe and include thirst, less frequent urination, dark-colored urine, fatigue, dizziness, and confusion. If severe and left untreated, it can lead to life-threatening complications like heat injuries, urinary and kidney problems, seizures, and hypovolemic shock. Immediate rehydration is key to treatment, typically through increased fluid intake or, in severe cases, intravenous fluids. Preventative measures include drinking plenty of fluids, especially when ill or during physical activity, and monitoring those at greater risk, such as the very young, the elderly, and people with certain medical conditions.