Cushings

Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of the corticosteroid hormone cortisol. This can result from the body's overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands, often due to a benign tumor of the pituitary gland called an adenoma. In some cases, Cushing's syndrome can also be caused by the use of corticosteroid medications, such as prednisone, in high doses over an extended period.

Patients with Cushing's syndrome typically exhibit a range of symptoms that can include rapid weight gain, especially in the face (moon face), neck, and trunk, while arms and legs often remain slender. Other clinical features may consist of a fatty hump between the shoulders (buffalo hump), skin changes like bruising and purple stretch marks, as well as muscle weakness. Long-term complications of untreated Cushing's syndrome can lead to serious conditions, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, bone loss, and, in some instances, psychological disturbances. Diagnosis often involves a series of endocrine tests to measure cortisol levels and imaging to identify potential sources of abnormal cortisol production. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include surgery, medication, radiation, or a combination of these approaches.