COVID-19

COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is part of the larger family of coronaviruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to more severe illnesses. Characterized by its crown-like spikes visible under an electron microscope, the virus primarily spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also survive on surfaces to a degree, leading to transmission from contact with contaminated objects. Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure and range from mild to severe, including fever, cough, difficulty breathing, loss of taste or smell, and fatigue. Some individuals remain asymptomatic but can still spread the virus. COVID-19 can lead to severe respiratory complications, organ failure, or death, particularly in older adults and people with underlying health conditions.

The global response to the pandemic has included an unprecedented focus on public health strategies, such as social distancing, mask-wearing, and widespread testing, to slow the transmission of the virus. COVID-19 vaccination development was rapidly accelerated, becoming a cornerstone of preventing serious illness, hospitalization, and death. As the virus has mutated, several variants of concern have emerged, challenging ongoing public health efforts. Medical management of COVID-19 includes supportive care to relieve symptoms and, in more severe cases, antiviral medications, steroids, and ventilatory support, while prevention efforts focus on vaccination and protective measures to reduce transmission.