Concussion

A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by a blow or jolt to the head that results in a temporary disturbance in brain function. It can occur from a direct hit or by a sudden, forceful motion that causes the brain to move within the skull, potentially stretching and damaging brain cells and creating chemical changes within the brain. Symptoms can be diverse, ranging from headache, confusion, dizziness, and blurred vision to more serious cognitive, emotional, and sleep disturbances. Notably, loss of consciousness is not required for a diagnosis of concussion and may not occur in many cases.

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the patient's history and symptoms, along with a physical and neurological examination. Imaging tests such as CT scans and MRIs are typically normal in concussions but may be performed to rule out more severe injuries. Management usually involves a period of rest followed by a gradual return to normal activities while monitoring for symptoms. Education on the potential risks and recognition of symptoms is crucial for patients and caregivers as repeated concussions can have cumulative and long-term effects, including the potential for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive degenerative brain condition.