Colon Cancer

Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of malignancy that originates in the cells lining the colon, which is the final part of the digestive tract. This cancer typically develops from precancerous polyps, which are small clumps of cells that form on the lining of the colon. Over time, some of these polyps can become malignant, leading to the growth of cancerous tumors. Colon cancer may cause symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding or blood in the stool, persistent abdominal discomfort, weakness or fatigue, and unintended weight loss.

Early detection of colon cancer is crucial, as it greatly increases the chances of successful treatment. Screening methods include colonoscopy, fecal occult blood testing, and sigmoidoscopy, among others. Treatment options vary based on the stage of the cancer and may include surgical removal of the tumor, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted drug therapy. It is also known for its potential for cure when discovered early and the importance of screening to reduce mortality. Lifestyle factors, such as diet, exercise, and smoking, can impact the risk of developing colon cancer. Genetic factors can also play a significant role, and individuals with a family history of the disease may require earlier or more frequent screening.