Colitis

Colitis refers to an inflammation of the inner lining of the colon, which is the part of the large intestine where the body stores stool. There are numerous causes, including infection by bacteria or viruses, inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, ischemic colitis caused by reduced blood flow, and microscopic colitis which is more common in older adults. Symptoms can vary but often include abdominal pain and cramping, diarrhea, an urgency to defecate, and in some cases, blood in the stool.

Diagnosis of colitis typically involves a combination of clinical history, stool tests, blood tests, and imaging. A colonoscopy, which allows direct visualization of the colon, is often employed to evaluate the extent of inflammation and to obtain biopsy samples for microscopic examination. Treatment depends on the cause and severity and may range from dietary changes and hydration to prevent dehydration to the use of anti-inflammatory medications, antibiotics, or immunosuppressive agents. In severe cases, hospitalization or surgery may be required. Long-term management of chronic forms of colitis often involves a multidisciplinary approach, including dietitians and mental health professionals to address the complex needs of the patient.