Cold Sores

Cold sores, also known as fever blisters, are small, painful, fluid-filled blisters that typically form on or around the lips, but can also appear on the nose, chin, or cheeks. They are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a highly contagious virus that can be transmitted through close contact, such as kissing or sharing utensils with someone who has an active outbreak. The initial infection may produce a primary episode with more severe symptoms, after which the virus becomes dormant in the body, residing in nerve cells. Factors like stress, illness, or sun exposure can trigger reactivation, leading to recurrent cold sore outbreaks.

Medically, cold sores are diagnosed based on their appearance, and confirmation can be done through laboratory tests such as viral cultures or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). While there is no cure for HSV-1, antiviral medications can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, as well as the frequency of recurrences and the potential for transmission to others. Over-the-counter creams and ointments can provide symptom relief. It is important to practice good hygiene and avoid direct contact with active lesions to minimize the spread of the virus.