Cold and Flu

The common cold and influenza (flu) are contagious respiratory illnesses caused by distinct viruses. The common cold is typically triggered by rhinoviruses, among other virus families, and presents with milder symptoms such as runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, coughing, sneezing, headaches, and body aches. On the other hand, the flu is caused by influenza viruses and often results in more severe symptoms, including high fever, chills, tiredness, and general malaise. While both conditions are generally self-limiting, the flu can lead to serious complications, especially in the elderly, young children, and individuals with compromised immune systems.

Diagnosis for either condition can often be determined based on clinical symptoms; however, specific rapid tests exist for influenza. Treatment predominantly focuses on symptom relief and includes over-the-counter medications, hydration, and rest. Antiviral drugs may be prescribed for influenza, especially for high-risk populations, to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. Prevention is key for both illnesses, with routine handwashing and the annual flu vaccine being effective measures. Unlike the common cold, the flu vaccine significantly reduces the risk of flu and is updated yearly to match circulating strains.