Chest Pain

Chest pain, medically known as angina pectoris, is a symptom rather than a disease itself and can be indicative of various underlying conditions, most notably cardiovascular diseases. It is typically described as a sensation of discomfort that can feel like pressure, tightness, aching, or squeezing in the chest. This pain may originate from the heart due to inadequate blood flow—a condition called ischemia—or result from issues with the lungs, esophagus, muscles, ribs, nerves, or other structures in the chest area.

The characteristics of the chest pain—such as its duration, intensity, triggers, and alleviating factors—are crucial in diagnosing the primary cause. Stable angina is often triggered by physical exertion or stress and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, whereas unstable angina, which is more concerning, can occur unpredictably and is not relieved by rest. Non-cardiac causes, like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or musculoskeletal problems, often have a different pattern and may be associated with other symptoms. Prompt medical evaluation of chest pain is vital to rule out life-threatening conditions, such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), pulmonary embolism, or aortic dissection.