Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder caused by a non-progressive brain injury or malformation that occurs while the brain is under development, typically before birth, during delivery, or immediately after birth. It affects muscle tone, movement, and motor skills. The damage to the developing brain can lead to one or more types of CP, each characterized by different movement challenges. Spastic cerebral palsy, the most common type, results in stiff and difficult-to-move muscles, while dyskinetic CP leads to uncontrollable movements, and ataxic CP causes problems with balance and coordination.

The severity of CP varies widely; some individuals experience only minor motor impairment, while others may be profoundly affected with associated disabilities that can include seizures, intellectual disability, vision and hearing impairments, and speech problems. CP is diagnosed based on the child's development, motor skills, and by performing medical imaging tests such as MRI to identify brain abnormalities. There is no cure for cerebral palsy, but treatment such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and medication can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Supportive treatments, adaptive equipment, and sometimes surgery can also assist individuals with CP in maximizing their independence and capabilities.