Cataracts

Cataracts are a common eye condition where the normally clear lens of the eye becomes clouded, impairing vision. Inside our eyes, we have a natural lens that bends (refracts) light rays that come into the eye to help us see. The lens should be clear, but with cataracts, things appear blurry, hazy, or less colorful because the clouded lens prevents light from properly passing through to the retina, which is responsible for sending visual signals to the brain. This condition is most often related to aging but can result from other risk factors such as diabetes, smoking, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and genetic predisposition.

The development of cataracts is usually a gradual process without pain, redness, or tearing in the eye. Some early signs include difficulties with bright lights and night vision, seeing halos around lights, and needing frequent changes in prescription glasses. As the cataract progresses, vision becomes blurrier and may have a brownish tint. A definitive diagnosis can be made through a comprehensive eye examination. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the vision impairment, ranging from stronger eyeglasses and magnifying lenses to the most effective treatment, which is surgery to remove the clouded lens and replace it with a clear artificial lens.