Burns

Burns are injuries to tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or friction. The severity of a burn is classified by depth, area and location, with classifications including first, second, and third-degree burns. A first-degree burn affects only the epidermis, the skin's outer layer, causing redness, minor inflammation and pain. A second-degree burn extends into the dermis, resulting in blisters and more intense pain due to nerve, hair follicle, and sweat gland damage. Third-degree burns damage or destroy the entire thickness of skin, potentially affecting underlying tissues; they may appear white, blackened, or charred.

From a medical perspective, the assessment of burns is critical and includes evaluating the total body surface area affected, using tools like the "Rule of Nines" or the Lund and Browder chart for more precision. Treatment depends on the severity and may require various interventions ranging from topical applications and dressings for minor burns to fluid resuscitation, surgery, and long-term rehabilitation for major burns. Infection prevention is paramount, and in severe cases, management also includes nutritional support, pain control, and psychological support. Timely and appropriate treatment is essential to minimize complications and improve outcomes.