Autism

Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a complex, neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges with social interaction, communication, and behavior. The term 'spectrum' reflects the wide variation in strengths and difficulties experienced by different individuals with ASD. Symptoms are typically recognized in early childhood and impact daily functioning. The exact etiology of autism remains unclear, but it involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Diagnosis is based on observed behavior and developmental history. Autistic individuals may exhibit repetitive behaviors, have narrow, intense interests, and may demonstrate atypical responses to sensory input. They might have difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication and struggle to understand social cues. The severity of symptoms can range from mild to severe, with some individuals living independently while others may require lifelong support. Therapies for autism are tailored to the individual’s needs and can include behavioral interventions, speech and occupational therapy, and educational support, with the goal of maximizing their potential and quality of life.