Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. The inflammation causes the airways to swell, narrow, and produce extra mucus, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. These symptoms can vary in intensity and frequency from person to person. Asthma can be triggered by various factors, including allergens, respiratory infections, physical activity, cold air, and stress.

The diagnosis of asthma typically involves pulmonary function tests, like spirometry, to assess the narrowing of the bronchial tubes and to measure how well the lungs work. Management includes avoiding triggers, using inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and bronchodilators for relieving acute symptoms. Long-term control is crucial to minimize chronic symptoms and prevent asthma attacks. In severe cases, immunotherapy or biologic therapies may be employed. Asthma cannot be cured, but with proper management, individuals with asthma can lead normal, active lives.