Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by excessive and persistent worry, fear, and nervousness that are disproportionate to the actual danger or threat. These disorders can interfere with daily activities, are difficult to control, and are often chronic. Symptoms may include restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbances. The most common forms of anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobias, agoraphobia, and separation anxiety disorder.

From a medical perspective, anxiety disorders are believed to result from a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Genetic predisposition may play a role, as may imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. The brain structures that regulate emotions and responses to stress, such as the amygdala and hippocampus, may also be involved. Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive evaluation, including a psychological assessment and sometimes medical tests to rule out underlying physical causes. Treatment may include psychotherapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, medications like antidepressants or anxiolytics, lifestyle changes, and coping strategies to manage symptoms.