Anemia

Anemia is a medical condition characterized by a deficiency in the number or quality of red blood cells (RBCs) or in the concentration of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. This deficiency can lead to a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, resulting in insufficient oxygen supply to tissues and organs. There are various types of anemia, each with different causes, such as iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, chronic diseases, genetic disorders like thalassemia or sickle cell anemia, and bone marrow-related issues.

The clinical manifestations of anemia can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause but often include symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pallor, shortness of breath, and palpitations. In severe cases or left untreated, anemia can lead to serious health complications, including heart problems and organ damage. Diagnosis of anemia involves a complete blood count (CBC) to measure levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, along with additional tests to determine the specific type and cause, which then guides appropriate treatment strategies ranging from dietary changes and supplements to medical interventions like medication or transfusions.