Allergies

Allergies are a common immune system response where the body mistakenly identifies a typically harmless substance, known as an allergen, as a threat. When an individual with an allergy encounters the triggering allergen, their immune system reacts by releasing chemicals such as histamine, leading to an allergic reaction. This reaction can affect various organs in the body and manifest in a variety of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Common allergens include pollen, dust, mold, pet dander, certain foods, insect stings, and medications.

Symptoms of allergic reactions can include sneezing, itching, nasal congestion, hives, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis—a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Anaphylaxis can cause breathing difficulties, a drop in blood pressure, and loss of consciousness. Diagnosis of allergies typically involves medical history evaluation, physical examination, and possibly skin or blood tests to identify specific allergens. Management of allergies often includes avoidance of known allergens, medications to alleviate symptoms, and in some cases, immunotherapy to reduce sensitivity to allergens over time. It is important for individuals with severe allergies to carry emergency medication, such as an epinephrine auto-injector, and to wear medical alert identification.