ADHD

ADHD, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. Inattention manifests as wandering off-task, lacking persistence, having difficulty sustaining focus, and being disorganized, not due to defiance or lack of comprehension. Hyperactivity refers to excessive motor activity when not appropriate, or excessive fidgeting, tapping, or talkativeness. Impulsivity appears as hasty actions that occur in the moment without forethought and have the potential for harm.

The diagnosis is based on symptoms being present for at least six months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities. The condition is typically identified in school-aged children but can persist into adulthood and is diagnosed via a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional. The DSM-5 outlines specific criteria for diagnosis, including the presence of symptoms before age 12, their occurrence in more than one setting, and not being explainable by another mental disorder. Treatment often includes behavioral therapy, life skills coaching, and in some cases, medication.