Acid Reflux

Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux (GER), is a medical condition characterized by the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, which is the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. This occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle at the entrance to the stomach, fails to close properly or opens too often, allowing stomach acid to move up into the esophagus. This can cause symptoms such as a burning sensation in the chest or throat, known as heartburn, and can damage the lining of the esophagus if persistent.

Chronic acid reflux can lead to a more severe condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is diagnosed when acid reflux happens more than twice a week or causes inflammation in the esophagus. Other symptoms may include regurgitation of food or sour liquid, difficulty swallowing, coughing, wheezing, and chest pain, especially when lying down at night. Management of acid reflux often involves lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and over-the-counter or prescription medications to reduce stomach acid and heal any esophageal damage.