Abdominal Pain

Abdominal pain is a common symptom that can arise from a myriad of causes ranging from benign and self-limiting conditions to life-threatening emergencies. It is the discomfort perceived anywhere from the lower margin of the ribcage to the pelvic region. This type of pain can vary greatly in character—sharp, dull, crampy, constant, intermittent—and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fever, or changes in bowel habits. Its etiology is often categorized by the affected organ systems, including gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecological, vascular, or musculoskeletal. Factors such as location, pain onset, duration, intensity, and associated features are pivotal in narrowing the differential diagnosis.

A medical professional will evaluate abdominal pain based on a thorough history and physical examination, potentially supplemented by laboratory tests, imaging, or endoscopic procedures. In acute settings, particular emphasis is placed on distinguishing surgical causes such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, bowel obstruction, or aneurysms, from non-surgical ailment such as gastroenteritis or irritable bowel syndrome. Chronic or recurrent abdominal pain may suggest conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, peptic ulcer disease, or functional gastrointestinal disorders. Specifics of the patient's age, gender, and medical history further guide diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.