What is Supraventricular Tachycardia? 10 Symptoms and Treatments

A typical resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. Tachycardia is characterized by a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute, which may occur under normal circumstances, such as during physical exertion. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) originates from a location above the ventricles, specifically the atria or the atrioventricular (AV) node, and is a condition in which the heart rhythm is abnormally accelerated. Awareness and recognition of SVT symptoms are crucial, though they may be subtle or mistakenly attributed to other health issues. SVT can manifest sporadically, with episodes of accelerated heart rate interrupting periods of normal rhythm, and symptoms can arise abruptly and subside quickly, sometimes within minutes. However, persistent or frequently recurring symptoms of SVT warrant medical evaluation and may necessitate treatment.

1. Rapid Heartbeat

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) often presents with a symptomatic manifestation of heart palpitations. These palpitations can be distinguished by an unusual, rapid, heavy, or irregular heartbeat. Patients may experience an accelerated heart rate and a pronounced pounding sensation, often perceptible in areas such as the throat or neck where blood vessels are more superficial. These sensations occur when the heart's electrical impulses that regulate heartbeat speed malfunction. While various factors can induce palpitations, including stress, specific dietary choices, or medication, they are a notable indicator of SVT, and despite the seemingly innocuous term "fluttering heart," the experience is typically quite uncomfortable for those affected.

2. Chest Pain

Should you experience any discomfort in your neck, back, or chest, it is imperative to consult with a physician to rule out serious conditions such as a heart attack. Chest pain is also a common symptom of supraventricular tachycardia, which may be accompanied by sensations of tightness, pressure, or fullness in both the chest and throat. Firmly consider seeking medical advice to address and clarify any health concerns you may have.

3. Shortness of Breath

Shortness of breath, particularly if it occurs during light physical activities or at rest, can be indicative of a possible underlying medical condition, such as supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Should you encounter this symptom, it is essential to consult with your primary care physician promptly to rule out any severe health issues and to obtain appropriate care.

4. Dizziness or Fainting

Dizziness and lightheadedness are common symptoms that may arise from a variety of causes, such as migraines, ear infections, inadequate nutrition, or substance misuse. Importantly, such sensations can also be indicative of supraventricular tachycardia—a fast heart rhythm originating above the heart's ventricles. In some cases, these symptoms may escalate to syncope, characterized by fainting or near-fainting episodes, which can be triggered by factors like stress, extensive standing, or high temperatures. Additionally, irregular heartbeats or abrupt declines in blood pressure can lead to loss of consciousness. It is imperative to consult with a healthcare professional promptly if you experience these symptoms to ensure a thorough medical assessment and proper management.

5. Sweating

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) commonly manifests in infants and children with symptoms that may initially be subtle. Key indicators include sweating, struggles with feeding, pale complexion, and a heart rate exceeding 200 beats per minute. Increased urination can also be associated with this condition. Although SVT typically does not pose a critical threat to health, individuals with additional health concerns or those experiencing persistent or severe symptoms should consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate management.

6. Treatment: Vagal Maneuvers

Vagal maneuvers are an established self-administered approach for managing episodes of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), which patients may perform following proper instruction from their healthcare provider. These maneuvers act to stimulate the vagus nerve, thereby reducing heart rate during an SVT episode. Techniques include the diving reflex, where immersion of the face in cold water triggers vagal stimulation, and the Valsalva maneuver, a controlled breathing exercise requiring one to exhale with a closed mouth and pinched nose. Other simple interventions include coughing or gagging. It is important to note that the carotid sinus massage is a sensitive procedure that should be performed exclusively by a medical professional.

7. Treatment: Medication

Should vagal maneuvers prove ineffective in managing a critical supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) episode, your physician may recommend specific medications. This holds true even if the vagal techniques occasionally yield positive outcomes, particularly if your SVT episodes are frequent. Commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals include anti-arrhythmic drugs, digoxin, calcium channel blockers, and beta-blockers. Adhering to your doctor’s prescription with precision is crucial to regulate your heart rhythm and prevent potential complications. Consistent medication usage can allow effective heart rhythm monitoring at home, reducing the necessity of emergency room visits.

8. Treatment: Electrical Cardioversion

Cardioversion is employed by healthcare professionals as a definitive intervention when both vagal maneuvers and medications prove ineffective in managing arrhythmias. This clinical procedure aims to restore the heart's normal rhythm by administering a controlled electric shock through adhesive electrodes placed on the chest. By precisely targeting the heart's electrical activity, cardioversion can promptly alleviate severe symptoms and reestablish a regular heartbeat.

9. Treatment: Catheter Ablation

Catheter ablation is an alternative medical procedure to electrical cardioversion, aimed at managing irregular heart rhythms. This intervention, which is generally regarded as safe with a low incidence of serious complications, entails the targeted elimination of cardiac tissue that initiates the arrhythmia. Through the insertion of catheters via a vein into the heart, surgeons are able to apply heat or cold, or use radiofrequency energy to precisely ablate the malfunctioning cardiac tissue, thereby restoring normal heart rhythm in the majority of patients.

10. Treatment: Lifestyle Changes

For individuals diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), it is imperative to adopt a lifestyle conducive to cardiac health as advised by medical professionals. Complete cessation of smoking and moderate consumption of alcohol is crucial for maintaining a healthy heart. A nutritious diet specifically tailored for cardiovascular wellness and regular physical activity are essential for both weight management and overall heart function. Additionally, alternative therapies can complement traditional treatment for SVT symptom management. Practices such as yoga and meditation have been recognized for their efficacy in stress reduction and heart rhythm stabilization, while acupuncture is reported to have benefits in regulating heartbeats.