What Is an EGD?

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a straightforward outpatient procedure that generally takes 30–60 minutes and requires specific pre-procedure preparation and post-procedure care. This article outlines how to prepare, what to expect before and during the upper endoscopy, how the examination is performed, its typical duration, and the steps to follow afterward.

1. How should I prepare for an EGD?

An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a brief outpatient procedure, typically completed within an hour, but it requires advance preparation. Your clinician will review your medical history to identify any risks with sedation or anesthesia. You should fast for eight hours before the exam and may have clear liquids until two hours beforehand; you may also need to pause blood thinners or modify diabetes medications per your provider’s instructions. Because sedation is commonly used, arrange for a responsible adult to accompany you and drive you home, and avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until the sedative effects have fully worn off.

2. What should I expect before an upper endoscopy?

When you arrive for your EGD, a provider will escort you to the endoscopy suite, a nurse will record your vital signs, and an intravenous (IV) catheter will be placed for medication. Most patients receive conscious sedation, administered by an anesthesia provider to promote relaxation and drowsiness; general anesthesia (complete unconsciousness) is used less commonly. A topical anesthetic will be sprayed into your mouth and throat, a mouthguard will be inserted to protect your teeth, tongue, and the endoscope, and you will be positioned on your left side for the procedure.

3. How is an upper endoscopy performed?

Your provider advances a flexible endoscope through your mouth into the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, insufflating air to improve visualization and viewing real‑time images on a monitor to identify problems or deliver treatments. Small tissue samples may be taken for biopsy, and therapeutic maneuvers performed if indicated. Upper endoscopy is usually done as an outpatient procedure, so patients typically go home the same day. The exam can feel uncomfortable but is not expected to be painful.

4. How long does an EGD take?

The procedure typically takes 30 to 60 minutes to complete.

5. What happens after an EGD?

After the endoscope is removed, your clinician will suction air from the stomach; some residual gas may remain and can cause bloating or passing gas for a day or two. A sore throat is common as the topical anesthetic wears off; cold foods or drinks may relieve discomfort, and your provider may give additional dietary instructions. Sedation can temporarily impair memory and alertness, so you will remain at the facility until medically cleared for discharge. Results may be reviewed immediately or provided at a follow‑up appointment.