10 Warning Signs of Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis is characterized by the formation of small bulging pouches, known as diverticula, within the inner lining of the colon, leading to infection and inflammation. This condition should be distinguished from diverticulosis, in which similar pouches develop without inflammation. Complications can arise from diverticulitis if the diverticula expand and exert pressure on the colon's internal walls, potentially causing severe digestive issues. While diverticulosis is relatively common, occurring in approximately 50% of the population by age 60, earlier beliefs that 25% of those with diverticulosis would progress to diverticulitis have been revised. Recent research indicates that only around 5% may actually develop the inflammatory condition.

1. Pain in the Lower Abdomen

Diverticulitis commonly presents with persistent abdominal pain, which can last for several days. Patients may experience symptoms such as abdominal bloating, alterations in bowel patterns, and intense cramps, typically localized to the lower left quadrant of the abdomen. It is noteworthy that individuals, especially those of Asian heritage, might experience this pain on the right side, corresponding to the anatomical site of the condition in the right side of the colon.

2. Irritable Bowel

Diverticulitis is frequently indicated by severe diarrhea accompanied by intense abdominal cramping. In its early stages, the condition may manifest as constipation, preluding diarrhea. This constipation, resulting from the increased effort during bowel movements, can contribute to weakening the intestinal lining and make it susceptible to diverticulitis. The diarrhea ensues when diverticula, small pouches, form within the intestinal lining and undergo infection and inflammation. This inflammation is also responsible for the painful bowel movements often associated with diverticulitis. Symptoms that typically accompany this include abdominal discomfort, nausea, and general gastrointestinal upset.

3. Bleeding From the Rectum

Individuals with diverticulitis may encounter rectal bleeding as fecal matter can get trapped in the diverticula, leading to the rupture of small blood vessels. This trapped waste can cause either gradual or significant bleeding, evident in the patient's stool. Should symptoms such as pronounced rectal bleeding, persistent high fever, intense abdominal pain, or continuous vomiting occur, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention.

4. Inflammation

Diverticulitis is characterized by inflammation and infection of the diverticula, typically in vulnerable areas of the large intestine. This condition may lead to the accumulation of waste material and consequent inflammation, often resulting in abdominal distension. Symptoms of diverticulitis, such as pain in the lower abdomen, can be exacerbated by increased abdominal pressure and may occasionally contribute to respiratory discomfort.

5. Bloating

Diverticulitis is a condition that often causes abdominal bloating and excess gas, which may persist for several days or even weeks. This bloating is typically the result of a build-up of gas in the gastrointestinal tract, aggravated by inflammation from the condition. Affected individuals may experience intermittent lower abdominal pain, cramping, and bloating. Gas pains may fluctuate, presenting in sudden, pulsating bursts. While bowel movements might alleviate some discomfort, those experiencing constipation could endure increased pain and intense cramping.

6. Fever

Patients experiencing diverticulitis may present with elevated body temperatures. Should such fevers be accompanied by chills, it could indicate peritonitis—an acute infection and inflammation of the abdominal cavity's lining. It is imperative for individuals manifesting a persistent fever alongside other symptoms of diverticulitis to seek immediate medical care to address this potentially life-threatening condition.

7. Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

Occasionally, the enlargement of colon diverticula can exert pressure on the adjacent bladder, which may present with clinical manifestations resembling those of a urinary tract infection. These manifestations typically include increased frequency of urination and a heightened sense of urgency when needing to urinate. In rarer instances, a fistula— an abnormal connection—might develop between the bladder and an inflamed section of the colon. This condition can lead to more pronounced urinary symptoms, as well as systemic signs such as fever and chills.

8. Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and bouts of vomiting are frequently reported symptoms among individuals with diverticulitis, particularly for those with sensitive gastrointestinal tracts. These symptoms can significantly hinder the ability to ingest food and medication effectively during a diverticulitis flare-up.

9. Loss of Appetite

Diverticulitis itself is not a direct cause of appetite loss; however, the symptoms associated with the condition, such as abdominal pain and discomfort, may lead to a decreased desire to eat. This reduced food intake can potentially result in unintended weight loss. Additionally, alterations in bowel habits might culminate in the accumulation of stool in the colon, potentially exacerbating symptoms and further affecting appetite.

10. Burning or Pain During Urination

Some individuals with diverticulitis may experience a burning sensation during urination. If a fistula forms between the bladder and colon, it could lead to a critical situation where air or fecal matter passes through the urethra. This condition requires immediate medical attention.