11 Causes of Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a persistent autoimmune condition characterized by accelerated skin cell division, resulting in dense, inflamed, and often itchy patches accompanied by silvery scales. Those living with psoriasis typically experience periodic bouts of exacerbation and remission. While a definitive cure remains elusive, advancements in comprehending the etiology of psoriasis could contribute to mitigating the frequency of episodes.

1. Genetics

The medical community widely recognizes the importance of genetics in the development of psoriasis, though the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Statistical evidence indicates that approximately one-third of individuals with psoriasis have relatives with the condition, suggesting a familial link. Further demonstrating the genetic connection, there is a 66% to 90% probability of concordance in identical twins who are affected by psoriasis.

2. HIV

Individuals with HIV are not inherently at a higher risk of developing psoriasis than the general population; however, when living with HIV and diagnosed with psoriasis, they may experience more critical manifestations of the condition. Due to the compromised immune function associated with HIV, managing psoriasis flare-ups presents greater challenges, and these individuals may face an elevated risk of serious health complications.

3. Microbes and Infections

Psoriasis onset is often observed following viral or bacterial infections, with conditions such as strep throat, various skin disorders, and influenza frequently acting as catalysts. The specific mechanisms connecting these infections to the development of psoriasis remain elusive and are the subject of ongoing research.

4. Medications

Certain medications have been identified as potential triggers for drug-induced psoriasis or exacerbations in predisposed individuals. Common culprits include beta-blockers, employed in hypertension management; antimalarial drugs; specific agents used in cancer immunotherapy; interferons; lithium; ACE inhibitors; various iodide-containing compounds; and some classes of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Additionally, discontinuation of corticosteroids may lead to a rebound phenomenon, where symptoms of psoriasis can worsen. It is critical for patients to consult healthcare professionals before altering any medication regimen.

5. Weather Conditions

Seasonal transitions and varying weather patterns can contribute to the exacerbation of psoriasis. During the winter, the cold, dry conditions often result in moisture-depleted skin, while less sunlight availability can trigger psoriatic outbreaks.

6. Exposure to Sunlight

Exposure to sunlight has been associated with the onset and severity of psoriasis symptoms. While both insufficient and excessive sun exposure are linked to the condition, moderate sunlight may offer therapeutic benefits. Controlled sun exposure can help mitigate immune system activity and reduce the symptoms of psoriasis, in part due to an increase in vitamin D production in the body. Evidence suggests that higher vitamin D levels may have a positive effect on psoriasis, but further research is needed to confirm this relationship. For personalized advice on sun exposure and psoriasis management, patients should consult with a healthcare professional.

7. Skin Trauma

Skin injuries such as cuts, burns, and various forms of lesions can act as catalysts for the onset of psoriasis. The body's response to these injuries, particularly its mechanism to combat infection, may prompt the occurrence of psoriatic flare-ups.

8. Alcohol Consumption

Research has shown a correlation between frequent alcohol consumption and an increased risk of developing psoriasis, with significant alcohol intake potentially exacerbating psoriatic episodes through inflammatory responses. Health professionals advise that individuals susceptible to psoriasis should moderate their alcohol consumption to help prevent flare-ups.

9. Smoking

Smoking is associated with an increased risk of psoriasis, and the frequency and severity of flare-ups can escalate with the habit. Individuals who smoke regularly, particularly those with a habit of 5-10 cigarettes per day, face a higher likelihood of intense psoriasis episodes. Moreover, smoking is known to double the incidence risk of psoriasis, making it a significant concern for those predisposed to the condition or aiming to manage it effectively.

10. Obesity

Research indicates a link between body weight and the incidence of skin conditions. A correlation has been observed where individuals who are overweight and have a predisposition to psoriasis can see a reduction in the risk of onset by achieving weight loss. This suggests that weight management may be a beneficial strategy in mitigating the potential development of psoriasis in such individuals.

11. Stress

In numerous instances, the initial manifestation of psoriasis correlates with significant, often stressful, life events. Such triggers can lead to severe and painful psoriatic episodes. Implementing stress reduction or management techniques may serve as a proactive measure to mitigate the onset of future occurrences of psoriasis.