10 Symptoms of Colon Cancer

Colorectal cancer, which encompasses malignant growths in the colon or rectum, stands as the third most frequently diagnosed cancer globally. It often initiates from small, benign polyps that have the potential to develop into cancer over time if not identified and removed. Early detection through routine screening colonoscopies is crucial, as it can prevent polyps from progressing to cancer. When diagnosed at an early stage where the cancer is confined to the colon wall, prospects for a full recovery are significantly higher.

1. Change in Bowel Movements

Individuals diagnosed with colon cancer often report alterations in their bowel habits, including ongoing incidents of diarrhea or constipation. These symptoms may appear sporadically and can be mistakenly dismissed as common digestive fluctuations, leading to self-treatment with non-prescription remedies rather than professional consultation. It's important to recognize that if such disturbances persist, it is imperative to seek medical advice for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.

2. Abnormal Stool Quality

Alterations in stool quality can be an indicator of colon cancer. It is not uncommon for individuals with this condition to experience stools that are narrower than typical, sometimes referred to as "pencil stool." Additionally, changes in stool color may occur, with some exhibiting a darker hue, potentially as a result of internal bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract. The presence of visible blood in the stool is also a notable symptom. Persistent occurrence of these symptoms, rather than a single instance, warrants a prompt medical consultation.

3. Rectal Bleeding

Colon cancer can lead to bleeding within the lower gastrointestinal tract. Occurrences of bleeding may manifest as rectal bleeding, which is visible when blood is present as a distinct element in the stool. Such rectal bleeding is more prevalent among individuals with a pattern of more frequent constipation as opposed to diarrhea throughout the progression of the condition. When bleeding originates above the rectum in the lower digestive tract, it may lead to a stool that appears black and tar-like, signaling bleeding in the higher regions of the colon. Conversely, bleeding in the lower colon or rectum typically results in bright red blood. It is crucial to remain vigilant for these symptoms, as they can be indicative of internal bleeding associated with colon cancer.

4. Abdominal Discomfort

Individuals with colon cancer may often suffer from abdominal pain, which can be a regular occurrence. Symptoms such as a persistent sense of fullness, bloating without dietary cause, pelvic discomfort, stomach cramps, and increased gas or belching may manifest. These symptoms, however, are not exclusive to colon cancer and can frequently indicate other conditions, including Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), or chronic indigestion, potentially leading to misdiagnosis. If you are experiencing persistent symptoms or have concerns regarding colon cancer, we strongly recommend seeking a consultation with a healthcare provider.

5. Nausea and Vomiting

It is important to recognize that not everyone with colon cancer will experience symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. However, for some individuals, abdominal discomfort may present with a sensation of needing to vomit, which can lead to actual vomiting in certain instances.

6. Loss of Appetite

Loss of appetite is a common issue in a considerable number of patients with colon cancer, though the underlying cause remains somewhat elusive. It is speculated that abdominal discomfort may lead to a natural aversion to food, resulting in reduced consumption. In instances where symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, or gas are less pronounced or absent, it becomes more challenging to ascertain the exact reasons for this decreased desire to eat. Further research is required to understand these mechanisms better.

7. Decrease in Weight

Weight loss in individuals with colon cancer can be attributed to a complex interplay of factors. The decrease in appetite experienced by patients often results in insufficient nutrient intake. Additionally, the rapid division of cancer cells necessitates a higher caloric intake than that of normal, healthy cells. The body's effort to combat the tumor further expends energy and resources. Consequently, these physiological demands can lead to noticeable weight loss in affected individuals.

8. Unexplained Fatigue

Colon cancer can significantly impact an individual's energy levels, as it prompts the immune system to work harder, leading to greater energy expenditure. Cancer cells require more energy than normal cells, which can deplete the body's resources. Additionally, the loss of iron-containing red blood cells due to bleeding, which may sometimes be undetectable, can contribute to fatigue. Consequently, individuals with colon cancer may experience weakness, lethargy, and excessive sleepiness, particularly if their dietary intake doesn't compensate for the heightened energy demands of their body.

9. Anemia

Individuals over 50 years of age with colon cancer are at an increased risk of developing iron-deficiency anemia, a condition marked by symptoms such as fatigue and general weakness. While less common, severe anemia in these patients can lead to cardiac complications, including palpitations and angina. It is imperative that the onset of anemia in older colon cancer patients is monitored and managed carefully to mitigate such risks.

10. Shortness of Breath

Individuals diagnosed with colon cancer may experience frequent bouts of shortness of breath. This symptom is particularly noted among older adults who suffer from anemia. Shortness of breath is an indicator of added strain on the cardiovascular system, representing a considerable health risk. Such cases necessitate immediate medical evaluation for appropriate management.